This chapter is divided into two main sections. The Mars trilogy provides a fruitful exploration of what Bookchin refers to as third or free nature, a synthesis of first (bio-physical) nature and second (human social) nature wherein humans ‘co-operate’ with first nature and directly participate in the evolution of life. Philosophically and theoretically, Robinson’s writing has particular relevance to the work of social ecologist Murray Bookchin. In his award-winning Mars trilogy, Red,Green and Blue Mars, Robinson uses the idea of transforming Mars into a habitable planet to explore the ethics and limits of the human ability to (re)produce nature. One of the exemplars of this tradition is Kim Stanley Robinson. While science fiction most often conjures up images of technology and the so-called ‘hard sciences’, writers in the genre also address human social relations.
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